The most common different types of Private Drainage Systems are: Package Sewage Treatment Plants Cedric Peerman Salute to Service Jersey , Septic tanks and cesspools, Package Sewage Treatment Plants Package Sewage Treatment Plants is the most efficient method of private drainage system producing the best quality effluent for discharge. All Package Sewage Treatment Plants must conform to European Standard (EN 12566-3) plants.

There are a number of different kinds of package sewage treatment plants each employing a different process for the treatment of waste material some making use of electric powered pumps and others without. The main principle is similar: a treatment unit or biological zone whereby the waste materials makes contact with micro-organisms which break down the organic matter. In those sewage treatment plants that do not contain a settlement tank, the waste materials may have to go through another settlement tank or septic tank before passing through the sewage treatment plant, thus allowing the solids to settle out.

A Package Sewage Treatment Plant can be employed jointly with a septic tank where the quality of the effluent to discharge Cedric Ogbuehi Salute to Service Jersey , must be improved.

Septic Tanks

A septic tank is made up of chamber system, usually consisting of 2 or 3 chambers. The chambers contain the sewage making it possible for the solids to form into a sludge at the bottom of the tank. The sludge at the bottom of the tank is naturally broken down by micro-organisms whilst the residual liquid effluent drains from the tank via an outlet pipe. Where its intended to discharge the effluent into a water course, the effluent from the septic tank could need more treatment this might be by means of an intervening drainage field or a reed bed. The commonest kind of drainage from a septic tank is to discharge into a drainage field. A drainage field is usually a system of perforated pipes running through an irrigation area underneath the subsoil throughout a piece of land selected for the purpose. The infiltration pipes are laid in trenches filled with shingle. The system should be desludged on a regular basis in order to avoid a build-up which might stop the flow of sewage through the system. The desludging needs to be carried out by an authorized contractor who pumps the sludge into a tanker and gets rid of it by road. Usually, desludging needs to be carried out every 12 months. Septic Tanks and Sewage Treatment Plants need a stable environment for the micro-organisms involved Carlos Dunlap Salute to Service Jersey , to work effectively. It is very important check that the plant is safeguarded against any substance that may possibly damage it and kill the micro-organisms. It is a legal requirement to ensure that no clean roof or surface water should get into the sewage treatment system or septic tank because this can reduce the systems total capacity and can cause solids to be flushed out that might cause pollution and flooding. Once installed, the Private Drainage System should be clearly marked. There is a limit on the amount of sewage effluent that could be discharged from a septic tank or sewage treatment plant. Where the discharge is being made to surface water, the limit is 5000 litres per day which must first of all be treated by way of a package treatment plant. Where the discharge is going to be made to soil, the limit is two cubic metres (2000 litres per day). Any kind of Septic Tank discharging more than these restrictions will must be registered with the Environmental Agency within the regulations beginning 1st January 2012 Brandon Thompson Salute to Service Jersey , in addition to obtaining a Discharge Permit from the Environmental Agency.

Cesspools

A cesspool is a covered watertight tank used for the storage of sewage. With the exception of the inlet, it is completely sealed without an outlet. A cesspool is required to be emptied regularly, this is usually carried out by a registered contractor who pumps the waste into a tanker and the waste is taken away by road. An average family of three individuals will produce nine,000 litres of waste materials in two weeks Brandon Tate Salute to Service Jersey , this is the capacity of the usual emptying tanker. It is essential to have the cesspool emptied on a regular basis and not to allow it to overflow. This can be accomplished by the installation of an alarm that may alert the household once the cesspool is getting full.

The minimum capacity of a cesspool is subject to the minimum standards set out in the Buildings Regulations. Cesspools arent allowed to be used in Scotland.

Cesspools are the least recommended sort of private drainage system. They really should only be used as being a temporary measure, for example, on a development which will, when finished Boomer Esiason Salute to Service Jersey , be connected to the mains sewer.

Setting up a cesspool is governed by strict buildings regulations.

Waterless Toilets Waterless Toilets are in two forms: A Chemical Toilet and a Composting Toilet. Chemical waterless toilets are self-contained and rely on the use of chemicals (biocides) to control foul odours. The waterless toilet should then be emptied into the main sewer by way of a connected toilet or disposal facility. Chemical waterless toilets are used as a temporary measure, such as, on a camping site or during the construction of a property before the toilet facilities are installed.

Composting toilets are again, self-contained. Composting toilets use natural processes to transform waste matter into compost and are used in remote sites for example nature reserves where there is no mains sewers or mains water supply. Materials such as sawdust are added to aid the composting process. These shouldnt be discharged to a watercourse.

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